Lung cancer is the second most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States, with more than 230,000 new diagnoses and over 125,000 deaths each year. It begins when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably in the lungs, forming tumors that interfere with normal lung function. The two main types are non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which makes up about 85% of cases, and small cell lung cancer (SCLC), which is more aggressive but less common. Smoking is the leading risk factor, but lung cancer can also affect non-smokers due to genetic mutations, environmental exposure, or secondhand smoke.

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Treatment for lung cancer depends on the type, stage, and overall health of the patient. Options include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy—with many patients benefiting from a combination of these approaches. Advances in targeted and immune-based treatments have significantly improved survival rates and quality of life for many patients, especially when the disease is detected early. However, later-stage diagnoses remain challenging and are often focused on extending life and managing symptoms.

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Beyond the physical burden of symptoms such as coughing, chest pain, shortness of breath, and fatigue, lung cancer can cause profound emotional distress. Patients and their loved ones often experience anxiety, depression, and fear while navigating treatment and its uncertainties. Support networks, counseling, and palliative care play a crucial role in helping individuals cope with the physical pain and emotional strain, ensuring that care addresses the whole person—not just the disease.